Glossary of Terms and Internet Links
American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA)
http://www.aamva.org
The American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) is a nonprofit organization striving to develop model programs in motor vehicle administration, police traffic services, and highway safety. AAMVA serves as an information clearinghouse for these same disciplines and acts as an international spokesperson for these interests.
Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS)
http://www.arjis.org/
The Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS) is a complex criminal justice enterprise network utilized by local, state, and federal agencies in the San Diego, California, region. ARJIS is chartered with supporting a regional Web-based enterprise network that utilizes technical and operational standards to build interfaces to all criminal justice systems in the region. The ARJISNet secure intranet contains data on the region’s crime cases, arrests, citations, field interviews, traffic accidents, fraudulent documents, photographs, gang information, and stolen property.
ARJIS is also utilized for tactical analysis, investigations, statistical information, and crime analysis. Officers and investigators can additionally request electronic notification when information is obtained by another agency or officer concerning an individual, location, or vehicle. The critical success factor for ARJIS is the “single point of entry” to query all regional justice data.
ARJIS is currently collaborating with the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to build new Web-based technologies to continue the support of the criminal justice community.
Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cjisd/cjis.htm
The Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS) was established in February 1992 to serve as the focal point and central repository for criminal justice information services in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It is the largest division within the FBI. Programs that were initially consolidated under the CJIS Division include the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), and Fingerprint Identification. In addition, responsibility for several ongoing technological initiatives was also transferred to the CJIS Division, including the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS).
CriMNet
http://www.crimnet.state.mn.us
CriMNet is an enterprise architecture that puts in place a statewide framework of people, processes, data, standards, and technology focused on providing accurate and comprehensive data to the criminal justice community in the state of Minnesota. It provides the means to put “the right data in the hands of the right people at the right time and in the right place.”
The CriMNet integration effort is not one single project but incorporates many projects that are being developed by criminal justice organizations throughout Minnesota. The integration architecture is driven by local operational needs and uses standards that will support the exchange of data across existing and developing systems.
Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)
http://www.gtri.gatech.edu
The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. With more than 1,000 employees, GTRI supports approximately $100 million in research yearly, for more than 200 clients in industry and government. GTRI researchers have played a pivotal role in the engineering support and technical guidance of the Global Justice Extensible Markup Language (XML) Data Model (Global JXDM).
Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global)
http://www.it.ojp.gov/global
The Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global) is a “group of groups,” representing more than 30 independent organizations spanning the spectrum of law enforcement, judicial, correctional, and related bodies. Member organizations participate in Global out of shared responsibility and shared belief that together they can bring about positive changes in interorganizational communication and data sharing.
The Global Advisory Committee (GAC) serves as an advisory committee for the U.S. Department of Justice. Global aids its member organizations and the people they serve through a series of important initiatives. These include the facilitation of the Global Working Groups, development of technology standards, creation of white papers on data sharing issues, and the dissemination of information via the Global Web site.
The work of the GAC has implications of the highest importance and helps to make the GAC the foremost voice for justice information sharing.
Global Infrastructure/Standards Working Group (GISWG)
http://www.it.ojp.gov/topic.jsp?topic_id=57
Successful data exchange is greatly facilitated by the development and adoption of standards that enable transparent integration of disparate systems. The Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global) Infrastructure/Standards Working Group (GISWG) is implementing a coordination process to identify information sharing standards within the justice community. This effort includes publishing, cataloging, and sharing these standards to promote collaborative efforts and offer blueprints to those beginning the information exchange planning process.
Global Justice XML Structure Task Force (XSTF)
http://www.it.ojp.gov/global
The Global Justice Extensible Markup Language (XML) Structure Task Force (XSTF) is a component of the Justice XML Committee—a committee of the Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global) Advisory Committee (GAC) Infrastructure/Standards Working Group. The GAC was created to promote broadscale sharing of critical justice information by serving as an advisory body to the Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs, and the U.S. Attorney General. The XSTF was created to build on the work of the Justice XML Committee Reconciliation Data Dictionary (RDD).
Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS)
http://its.bldrdoc.gov/
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is the Executive Branch’s principal voice on domestic and international telecommunications and information technology issues. NTIA works to spur innovation, encourage competition, help create jobs, and provide consumers with more choices and better quality telecommunications products and services at lower prices.
The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) is the chief research and engineering arm of NTIA. ITS supports such NTIA telecommunications objectives as promotion of advanced telecommunications and information infrastructure development in the United States, enhancement of domestic competitiveness, improvement of foreign trade opportunities for U.S. telecommunications firms, and facilitation of more efficient and effective use of the radio spectrum.
ITS also serves as a principal federal resource for solving the telecommunications concerns of other federal agencies, local and state governments, private corporations and associations, and international organizations.
Integrated Justice Information Systems (IJIS) Industry Working Group (IWG)
http://iwg.ijis.org/
The mission of the Industry Working Group (IWG) is to contribute to the implementation of Integrated Justice Information Systems (IJIS) throughout the country by applying the knowledge and experience of the information technology (IT) industry. As IT professionals responsible for the achievement of solution systems, IWG believes that experience and perspective will improve the quality and reduce the time to market for solutions. The IWG supports the initiative of the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) to involve industry in its IJIS program and believes that the program will benefit from its unique and collective experience.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
http://www.iso.org
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a network of national standards institutes from 145 countries working in partnership with international organizations, governments, industry, business, and consumer representatives.
Joint Task Force on Rap Sheet Standardization
http://www.doj.state.wi.us/les/XML/jtf.htm
The Joint Task Force (JTF) on Rap Sheet Standardization is an endeavor by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS) to bring about a national standard for the exchange of criminal history rap sheets. Sponsored by the FBI, members include staff of the FBI, NLETS, and states that operate criminal history repositories.
In 1995, the National Task Force on Increasing the Utility of the Criminal History Record recommended expanded data content, a presentation format (page layout) for the expanded content, and the creation of a transmission format for the interstate sharing of criminal history information. The National Task Force included representatives from the FBI Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Advisory Policy Board (APB); NLETS; the National Center for State Courts; and SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics. Its members were a diverse array of justice practitioners drawn from the judiciary; prosecution; court administration; local, state, and federal law enforcement; juvenile justice pretrial services; and state criminal records repositories.
Justice Information Exchange Model (JIEM)
http://www.search.org/programs/technology/jiem.asp
The Justice Information Exchange Model (JIEM) consists of a framework that defines universal dimensions of information exchange, a research and planning methodology for modeling the operational dynamics of this information exchange, and a Web-based software application―the JIEM Modeling Tool—that enables data collection, analysis, and reporting by users and researchers.
Justice Information Sharing Professionals (JISP)
http://it.ojp.gov/topic.jsp?topic_id=51
The Justice Information Sharing Professionals (JISP) is a national network of local and state justice and public safety integrators responsible for the facilitation, collaboration, and advocacy of information sharing. JISP was created to focus on the need to enhance communication among practitioners. JISP coordinates a member-only Internet mail list at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JISP/.
Law Enforcement Information Technology Standards Council (LEITSC) Technology Center
http://www.leitsc.org/
The Law Enforcement Information Technology Standards Council (LEITSC) is funded through the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice, to address the issue of information technology standards specific to the law enforcement community. The mission of LEITSC is to foster the growth of strategic planning and implementation of integrated justice systems by promoting the merits of information technology standards, providing advice to the nation’s law enforcement community on technical aspects of IT standards, sharing practical solutions, and representing the voice of law enforcement in the expansion of justice and public safety information technology standards.
LEITSC partners include the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), the National Sheriffs’ Association (NSA), and the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE).
Legal XML Court Filing Standards Initiative
http://it.ojp.gov/topic.jsp?topic_id=65
Pursuant to discussions at an August 1999 planning meeting, the Conference of State Court Administrators/National Association of Court Managers Joint Technology Committee (JTC) formed an e-filing standards subcommittee to pursue an Internet electronic filing specification for the courts.
To that end, in December 1999, the JTC voted to partner with LegalXML, a nonprofit organization that facilitates development of XML standards for application within the legal community. This coalition produced the LegalXML Court Filing Standard.
Mapping Alaska’s Justice InterChanges (MAJIC)
http://www.dps.state.ak.us/cjiab/documents/default.asp?passParent=100&passCategory=MAJIC+Project
The Mapping Alaska’s Justice InterChanges (MAJIC) program, managed by the state’s Criminal Justice Information Advisory Board, brings together the systems in many organizations statewide, including the Department of Public Safety, the Alaska Court System, the Public Defender Agency, and the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center-Northwest.
National Center for State Courts (NCSC)
http://www.ncsconline.org
The National Center for State Courts (NCSC) provides up-to-date information and hands-on assistance that help court administrators to better serve the public. Through original research, consulting services, publications, and national educational programs, NCSC offers solutions that enhance court operations with the latest technology, collects and interprets the latest data on court operations nationwide, and provides information on proven “best practices” for improving court operations in areas such as civil case management.
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/is/ncic.htm
The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is a computerized index of criminal justice information (i.e., criminal record history information, fugitives, stolen properties, and missing persons). It is available to local, state, and federal law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies and is operational 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. The purpose for maintaining the NCIC system is to provide a computerized database for ready access by a criminal justice agency making an inquiry and to provide prompt disclosure of information in the system from other criminal justice agencies. This information assists authorized agencies in criminal justice and related law enforcement objectives, such as apprehending fugitives, locating missing persons, and locating and returning stolen property, as well as protecting law enforcement officers.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/nibrs.htm
The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, which began in 1929, collects information about crimes reported to the police. In 1982, the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the FBI sponsored a study of the UCR Program, with the objective of revising it to meet law enforcement needs into the twenty-first century. A five-year redesign effort to provide more comprehensive and detailed crime statistics resulted in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), which collects data on each reported crime incident. The UCR Program is currently being expanded to NIBRS.
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development, and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. NIJ provides objective, independent, nonpartisan, evidence-based knowledge and tools to meet the challenges of crime and justice, particularly at the state and local levels. NIJ’s principal authorities are derived from the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended (see 42 USC * 3721-3723).
The NIJ director is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The NIJ director establishes the Institute’s objectives, guided by the priorities of the Office of Justice Programs, the U.S. Department of Justice, and the needs of the field. NIJ actively solicits the views of criminal justice and other professionals and researchers to inform its search for the knowledge and tools to guide policy and practice.
National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS)
http://www.nlets.org
The mission of the National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS) is to provide, within a secure environment, an international criminal justice telecommunication capability that will benefit, to the highest degree, the safety, security, and preservation of human life and the protection of property. NLETS will assist those national and international governmental agencies and other organizations with similar missions who enforce or aid in enforcing local, state, federal, or international laws or ordinances.
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
http://www.ntia.doc.gov
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is the Executive Branch’s principal voice on domestic and international telecommunications and information technology issues. NTIA works to spur innovation, encourage competition, help create jobs, and provide consumers with more choices and better quality telecommunications products and services at lower prices.
Pennsylvania Justice Network (JNET)
http://www.pajnet.state.pa.us
JNET is a collaboration of municipal, county, state, bordering states, and federal justice agencies that develop and provide a secure, online integrated justice system which allows participating agencies to access driver and offender records, and other justice information. Local and state police officers, JNET’s largest users, have immediate access to critical criminal justice information that helps them to perform their jobs more effectively.
Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS)
http://www.iir.com/riss
The Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS) Program is composed of six regional centers that share intelligence and coordinate efforts against criminal networks that operate in many locations across jurisdictional lines. Typical targets of RISS activities are drug trafficking, terrorism, violent crime, cybercrime, gang activity, and organized criminal activities. Each of the centers, however, selects its own target crimes and the range of services provided to member agencies.
SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics
http://www.search.org
SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics is a nonprofit membership organization created by and for the states, dedicated to improving the criminal justice system and the quality of justice through better information management, the effective application of information and identification technology, and responsible justice information law and policy.
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